Table 1. Relationship between the amount of alpha-pinene added to the bottle, the concentration of alpha-pinene in the headspace, the subsequent production of cis-verbenol and the mortality | |||||
Mortality | Cis-verbenol production ( x 10-6 g) | a-Pinene concentration | a-Pinene added | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male (%) | Female (%) | Male | Female | in headspace ( x 10-6 g/ml) | to bottle (µl) |
0 | 0 | 0.52±0.03 | 0.11±0.20 | 1.03 ± 0.03 | 3 |
0 | 0 | 4.89±0.14 | 2.04±0.53 | 4.90 ± 0.26 | 12 |
7 | 7 | 11.28±0.99 | 3.78±0.44 | 8.81 ± 0.58 | 30 |
40 | 40 | 6.62±1.70 | 5.33±0.79 | 18.17 ± 0.21 | 80 |
50 | 53 | 5.42±1.80 | 4.26±2.60 | 18.27 ± 0.69 | 160 |
Table 2. The comparison of the quantities of compounds produced in male I. paraconfusus after exposure in alpha-pinene vapours (per ml) to quantities produced in females and the comparisons of ratios of compounds produced in males to ratios in females | ||||
Regression alpha-pinene (X) against compound (Y) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Compound | r2 | Equation ( x 10-6 g) | Difference in slopes (P value)* |
Male | cis-verbenol | 0.97 | Y = 1.22X - 0.53 | |
< 0.001 | ||||
Female | cis-verbenol | 0.94 | Y = 0.43X - 0.19 | |
Male | trans-verbenol | 0.99 | Y = 0.30X - 0.06 | |
< 0.001 | ||||
Female | trans-verbenol | 0.92 | Y = 0.14X - 0.02 | |
Male | myrtenol | 0.98 | Y = 0.32X - 0.02 | |
0.001 | ||||
Female | myrtenol | 0.89 | Y = 0.22X + 0.11 | |
Regression compound (X) against compound (Y) | ||||
Sex | Compound | r2 | Equation ( x 10-6 g) | Difference in slopes (P value) |
Male | cis- against trans-a | 0.99 | Y = 4.05X - 0.29 | |
< 0.001 | ||||
Female | cis- against trans- | 0.99 | Y = 3.06X - 0.13 | |
Male | cis- against myrtenol | 0.99 | Y = 3.84X - 0.44 | |
< 0.001 | ||||
Female | cis- against myrtenol | 0.94 | Y = 1.86X - 0.33 | |
Male | myrtenol against trans- | 0.99 | Y = 1.05X + 0.05 | |
0.003 | ||||
Female | myrtenol against trans- | 0.96 | Y = 1.56X + 0.15 |
Table 3. The concentration (10-6 g/ml) of the monoterpene vapours in the headspace of a male I. paraconfusus nuptial chamber after 48 hr of boring in logs from four ponderosa pine trees. | |||||
Sampled tree on | a-Pinene | B-Pinene | 3-Carene | Myrcene | Limonene |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
18 Feb. 1978 | 30.9 ± 3.3 | 24.6 ± 11.2 | 34.2 ± 11.6 | 20.8 ± 2.8 | 21.3 ± 5.1 |
19 Feb. 1978 | 25.5 ± 0.8 | 23.1 ± 7.3 | 62.9 ± 22.8 | 16.3 ± 6.2 | 35.2 ± 13.1 |
15 Nov. 1977 | 17.6 ± 1.2 | 35.2 ± 2.5 | 50.5 ± 3.6 | 22.9 ± 2.3 | 41.5 ± 3.2 |
19 Mar. 1976 | 7.5 ± 1.3 | 28.9 ± 4.7 | 27.6 ± 4.8 | 3.0 ± 0.5 | 7.9 ± 1.0 |
Average ± S.E.M. | 20.4 ± 5.1 | 28.0 ± 2.7 | 43.8 ± 8.0 | 15.8 ± 4.5 | 26.5 ± 7.5 |
Table 4. Quantities of the major monoterpenes in ponderosa pine phloem corrected by exponential regression to account for inefficiency in the extraction process (see text) | ||||||
Tree Sample | a-Pinene | Myrcene | B-Pinene | 3-Carene | Limonene | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tree No. 1 | ||||||
µg/g tissue* | 84.6 | 41.6 | 173.3 | 332.0 | 76.2 | 707.7 |
ng/µl tissue | 75.7 | 37.3 | 155.0 | 297.1 | 68.2 | 533.3 |
Tree No. 2 - Sample A | ||||||
µg/g tissue | 63.0 | 42.1 | 67.7 | 320.8 | 163.0 | 656.6 |
ng/µl tissue | 56.5 | 37.6 | 60.6 | 287.0 | 145.9 | 587.6 |
Tree No. 2 - Sample B | ||||||
µg/g tissue | 82.7 | 58.4 | 87.8 | 342.2 | 137.1 | 708.3 |
ng/µl tissue | 74.1 | 52.3 | 78.6 | 306.2 | 122.7 | 633.9 |
Average ± S.E.M. n = 3 | ||||||
µg/g tissue | 76.8±6.9 | 47.4±5.5 | 109.6±32.4 | 331.7±6.2 | 125.4±25.7 | 690.9±17.1 |
ng/µl tissue* | 68.8±6.2 | 42.4±5.0 | 98.1±28.9 | 296.8±5.5 | 112.3±23.0 | 584.9±29.1 |
J. A. BYERS Department of Entomological Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 Present address: |
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