Byers, J.A. 1992f. Attraction of bark beetles, Tomicus
piniperda, Hylurgops palliatus, and Trypodendron
domesticum and other insects to short-chain alcohols
and monoterpenes. Journal of Chemical Ecology
18:2385-2402.
Abstract--
Several Scandinavian forest insects, Hylurgops palliatus, Tomicus
piniperda, and Trypodendron domesticum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae),
Rhizophagus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae) and Pollenia spp.
(Diptera: Calliphoridae) were attracted to window traps baited with
ethanol and placed on Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris) in May-
June, 1986. Release of ethanol at increasing relative rates of 0,
0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 (800 mg/day) from the window traps on trees in 1987
caused H. palliatus, T. domesticum, and R. ferrugineus to be
increasingly attracted, while T. piniperda was equally attacted at
both 0.1 and 1.0 rates. The attaction of T. piniperda to ethanol was
weak compared to attraction to a monoterpene mix, (+/-)-alpha-pinene,
(+)-3-carene, terpinolene. The terpene mix plus ethanol was
significantly more attractive to H. palliatus than ethanol alone, but
terpenes significantly reduced the attraction of T. domesticum to
ethanol. Baiting of pipe traps with a series of short-chain alcohols
(methanol to hexanol) each alone showed that ethanol was greatly
preferred by H. palliatus, T. domesticum, and R. ferrugineus over
alcohols of one more or one less carbon, while longer-chain alcohols
were not attractive. However, Glischrochilus hortensis (Coleoptera:
Nitidulidae) was attracted only to propanol A series of 10-fold
increasing release rates of ethanol (0.0001-1.0 where 1.0 = 800 mg/day)
with either a "low" or "high" release of the terpene mix had
various effects on the sexes during their attraction to pipe traps
and subsequent entering of holes. Release of (-)-verbenone at 0.25 mg/day
had no significant effect of H. palliatus or R. ferrugineus
attraction to ethanol, but the response of T. domesticum to ethanol
was reduced. Several theories on olfactory mechanisms of host
selection by T. piniperda are integrated and placed in ecological
perspective.
Chemical Ecology